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5 Flawed Ideas About “Headship” in Marriage
In this new blog post, I repond to five flawed ideas I often hear as interpretations of Paul’s words to wives and husbands in Eph. 5:22-33, including the “husband as decision-maker” idea.
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![Desert Mothers Synclectica, Melania](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Syncletica_of_Alexandria_Menologion_of_Basil_II-melania-the-elder.jpg?fit=300%2C215&ssl=1)
Melania the Elder’s Powerful Influence on Early Christianity
My friend Dr Jackie Roese wrote this article about Melania the Elder, a powerful, wealthy, educated woman who influenced and shaped Christianity in the late 300s until her death in 410.
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![Cerula](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cerula-and-Bitalia-1-1.png?fit=300%2C161&ssl=1)
Cerula and Bitalia in Catacomb Art
What does the iconography of the catacomb frescoes tell us about the ecclesial role or position of Cerula and Bitalia, two fifth-century women?
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(2) Submission & the Saviour in Ephesians 5
In part 2, I look at Christ’s role as the “Saviour of the body” and what this means for Paul’s words to wives in Ephesians 5:22-24 and to husbands in Ephesians 5:25ff.
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![women as helpers](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/pexels-fauxels-3228726.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
(1) Submission & the Saviour in Ephesians 5
In this 2-part article, I present what I’ve been learning about the Greek “submit” verb, and I look at what it meant to Paul that Jesus is the “Saviour of the body.”
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![Communion last supper](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Communion-1-Corinthians-Persecution.jpg?fit=300%2C174&ssl=1)
Were there Women at the Last Supper?
Did Jesus celebrate the Last Supper (Passover) with only the twelve male apostles? Were there any women present? What do the Gospels show?
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![Theosebia and Gregory of Nyssa](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Theosebia-ivory-pyx.jpg?fit=300%2C233&ssl=1)
An Overview of Women Ministers in the Early Church
Women have always played important roles in the mission of the church and they are a part of our history. I highlight some of these women here.
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![This mystery is great. Ephesians 5:32](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/mystery-Ephesians-5.32-pexels-dewey-gallery-4030814.jpg?fit=300%2C195&ssl=1)
A Note on the Mystery in Ephesians 5:31-32
What is the mystery in Eph 5:32? Here’s my quick take on “This mystery is great; but I am speaking with reference to Christ and the church.”
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![1 Corinthians 14 meaning](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1-Corinthians-14.34-35-women-silent-in-the-churches-.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1)
The Structure and Language of 1 Corinthians 14:26-40
I’ve highlighted the structure and vocabulary of 1 Cor. 14:26-40 which contains verses 33-34, “Women should be silent in the churches …”
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![Sandra Glahn, Artemis, fertility goddess, mother goddess](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/artemis-Sandra-Glahn-women-ministers-early-church.jpg?fit=300%2C201&ssl=1)
Sandra Glahn Debunks Myths About Artemis
The idea that Artemis of Ephesus was a fertilty or mother goddess is often repeated. Using ancient evidence, Sandra Glahn challenges these ideas, and others, in her book Nobody’s Mother.
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![Adam and Eve 1 Timothy 2](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Icon-resurrection-Chora_Anastasis2.jpg?fit=300%2C165&ssl=1)
“Paraclete” in Ancient Secular, Jewish, and Christian Texts
Was paraclete a military term as some claim? I look at ancient Greek texts to see how the word was used outside and within the New Testament.
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![Mary the Mother of James and Joseph](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/The_Three_Marys_at_the_Tomb_Myrrhbearers-Mary-the-mother-of-James-and-Joses-LACMA_M.72.124.2-cropped.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
The Other Mary: Mother of James and Joseph
Mary the mother of James and Joseph/ Joses, also known as “the other Mary,” is mentioned 7 times in the Synoptic Gospels. What do we know about her?
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![Sandra Glahn, Artemis, Nobody's Mother](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sandra-Glahn-Nobodys-mother-Artemis-women-in-ministry.webp?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
Sandra Glahn on the Decline of Women in Public Ministry
Sandra Glahn gives 4 reasons in her book “Nobody’s Mother” for why there was a decline of women in public ministry in the centuries following Pentecost.
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![All the marys in the New Testament. The meaning of Mary, Maria, Miriam](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/E.Burne-Jones_Miriam_St.Giles-web.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
All the Marys and Miriams in the Bible
I look at all the Miriams, Marias, and Marys in the Bible (there are 7 in the NT), and at Mariamne in Josephus, and discuss what their names might mean.
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![saved through childbearing meaning 1 Tim 2:15](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/anna-hecker-DP94IxvnhIs-unsplash.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
What does “saved through childbearing” (1 Tim. 2:15) mean?
There are various interpretations of “she will saved through childbearing” put forward by scholars, but in this article, I explain how I understand the phrase.
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![Publia deaconess Antioch Ephrem Syria](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/publia-deaconess-choir-of-virgins.jpg?fit=300%2C201&ssl=1)
Publia and her Plucky Choir of Virgins (AD 360s)
In this post, I quote a story from Theodoret of Cyrrhus’s Church History about Publia, a daring deaconess who lived in Antioch in the 360s, and her brave choir.
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![deaconess Theodoret of Cyrrhus](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/bitalia-fresco-women-teachers-in-the-early-church.jpg?fit=300%2C194&ssl=1)
A Female Teacher and Deacon in Antioch (AD 360s)
In Theodoret of Cyrrhus’s Church History there is an interesting story of a brave woman who was a teacher and deacon in Antioch in the early 360s.
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![women elders in ancient church manuals didascalia women teachers](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Domnina_of_Syria_Menologion_of_Basil_II-2.jpeg?fit=300%2C220&ssl=1)
A Christian Lady Teacher in Egypt in the 300s AD
In this blog post, I look at a papyrus letter, written between Christians in the early 300s AD, which plainly mentions a woman teacher (kyrian tēn didaskalon).
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![kenegdo Genesis 2 suitable helper submit submission headship](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ronny-sison-ruqx2rsc7qw-unsplash.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
Submission in 1 Corinthians 15:28 and in Marriage
The Son’s submission to the Father in 1 Cor. 15:28 does not inform our understanding of submission in marriage in the way some people argue. Here’s why.
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![eshet chayil](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Judith-eshet-chayil-andreia-Proverbs-31-Cristofano-Allori.jpg?fit=300%2C198&ssl=1)
Revisiting Eshet Chayil (“Woman of Valour”)
I look at the Hebrew word chayil, used in Proverbs 31:10 for an eshet chayil, and at the Greek word andreia (“courageous”), used to describe some Bible and early Christian women.
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![New Testament women](https://i0.wp.com/margmowczko.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Euodia-and-Syntyche-1.jpg?fit=300%2C183&ssl=1)
Women and Men and Ministry in First-Century Churches (3)
This is the 3rd post taken from my chapter in “Co-workers and Co-leaders.” I look here at some of the men and women who were involved in difficult and dangerous ministries.
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